Marguerite Casey Foundation: Movement Building Helping Low-Income Families Strengthen their Voices and Mobilize their Community

This paper proposes an international integrative framework for classifying philanthropic foundation types, recognizing their growing sociopolitical prominence. It critically examines existing categorizations in academic and practice literature, identifying 13 categories across contextual, organizational, and strategic dimensions. The framework aims to clarify distinctions and commonalities among foundation forms, providing a basis for more reflective and differentiated research and practice knowledge. This enhances understanding of diverse philanthropic approaches and their impact.