Private foundations, philanthropy and partnership in education and development: Mapping the terrain

This chapter explores the growing role of private foundations in education and international development. The authors analyze how foundations engage in policy influence, funding, and program design, often stepping in where states retreat. They critically assess assumptions around neutrality and effectiveness, arguing for deeper scrutiny of the accountability, legitimacy, and sustainability of philanthropic interventions. The paper reports on a literature review finding significant contestation against claims of neutrality, efficiency, and effectiveness.